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पिछले महीने तंजानिया सरकार को गर्भवती स्कूली छात्राओं और स्कूल जाने वाली युवा माताओं पर प्रतिबंध लगाने के लिए अदालती कार्यवाही झेलनी पड़ी। तंजानिया दुनिया के उन चुनिंदा देशों में से एक है जो इस तरह के प्रतिबंध लगाता है। सिएरा लियोन के खिलाफ कानूनी मामला दर्ज करने के बाद अब यह लड़ाई महाद्वीप के दूसरी ओर तंजानिया में लड़ी जा रही है। 2017 में राष्ट्रपति जॉन मैगुफुली ने चेतावनी देते हुए कहा था कि जब तक मैं राष्ट्रपति हूँ तब तक किसी भी गर्भवती छात्रा को स्कूल जाने की इजाजत नहीं होगी। गर्भवती होने के बाद एक लड़की का जीवन इतना ही होगा। अफ़्रीकी देश में कम उम्र में गर्भधारण की समस्या रही है। 2013 में 18 साल से कम उम्र की 35 फीसदी से अधिक लड़कियों ने बच्चा पैदा किया था। अफ्रीका में फैली इबोला महामारी के दौरान कुछ क्षेत्रों में यह आंकड़ा 65फीसदी तक भी देखा गया था। जैसे ही सिएरा लियोन इबोला के संकट से उबरने लगा सरकार आधिकारिक रूप से गर्भवती लड़कियों के मेनस्ट्रीम स्कूलों में जाने पर प्रतिबंध लगा दिया। सरकार को इस बात से डर था कि ये गर्भवती लड़कियां अन्य लड़कियों को भी ऐसा करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित न करें। आधिकारिक आंकड़ों के अनुसार 2015 में लगभग 3,000 लड़कियां इस प्रतिबंध से प्रभावित हुई थीं। हालांकि गर्भवती लड़कियों और युवा मांओं के लिए समानांतर शिक्षण केंद्र खोले गए थे जहाँ वे सप्ताह में तीन दिन पढ़ने जा सकती थी लेकिन इकोवास अदालत ने दिसंबर में इन केंद्रों को भेदभाव का एक और रूप बताया और उन्हें समाप्त करने का आदेश दिया।
शिक्षा मंत्री डेविड मोइनिना सेगेह ने इस नए लोकतान्त्रिक युग का आह्वान करते हुए ख़ुशी जाहिर की जिसमें बच्चों को बिना भेदभाव के उनके सार्वभौमिक शिक्षा के अधिकार मिल सकेंगे। इस निर्णय के बाद पहली बार लगभग 1,000 गर्भवती लड़कियां परीक्षा देने में सक्षम हुई थीं। दुनिया में तंजानिया में सबसे अधिक किशोर गर्भावस्था की दर है। विश्व बैंक ने इस साल तंजानिया को ऋण दिया था। विश्व बैंक का कहना है कि हर साल स्कूल छोड़ने वाले 60,000 छात्रों में से आधी लड़कियां हैं जिनमें से 5,500 गर्भवती होने के कारण छोड़ देती हैं।




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